GLP-1 Agonists Overview
Understanding Semaglutide, Tirzepatide, and related peptides
Overview
GLP-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1) receptor agonists are a class of peptides that mimic the incretin hormone GLP-1. These compounds have become a major focus of metabolic research due to their role in glucose homeostasis and energy regulation pathways.
Semaglutide
31-amino acid peptide with 94% homology to native GLP-1
Tirzepatide
Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist (39 amino acids)
Retatrutide
Triple agonist: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors
Liraglutide
GLP-1 analog with fatty acid modification
Mechanism of Action
GLP-1 receptor agonists work through several interconnected pathways:
- Glucose-dependent insulin secretion: Stimulates pancreatic beta cells to release insulin only when glucose levels are elevated
- Glucagon suppression: Reduces hepatic glucose production by inhibiting glucagon release
- Gastric emptying: Slows the rate at which food leaves the stomach, affecting nutrient absorption
- Central nervous system effects: Acts on hypothalamic receptors involved in appetite regulation
Research Applications
Metabolic Studies
Investigation of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism
Cardiovascular Research
Studies on vascular endothelial function and cardiac protection pathways
Neuroprotection
Research into GLP-1 receptor expression in the brain and potential neuroprotective effects
Beta Cell Biology
Studies on pancreatic islet function, beta cell proliferation, and survival
Storage Guidelines
Lyophilized Form
Store at -20°C or below. Protect from light. Stable for 24+ months when sealed.
Reconstituted Solution
Refrigerate at 2-8°C. Use within 4-6 weeks. Do not freeze reconstituted peptide.
Research Use Only
GLP-1 agonist peptides are sold strictly for laboratory research purposes. They are not approved for human or veterinary use. This information is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice.